I have and continue to pursue clinical research.

1. My studies in San Francisco of ocular inflammation have led to articles on an experimental model of Candida endophthalmitis to studies in ocular herpes, histoplasmosis and external inflammations. (See publications)

2. My experience with rheumatologists in San Francisco promoted a longstanding relationship with internists and rheumatologists in Canada and internationally, ranging from the study of ocular changes in chronic renal disease to thyroid eye disease and immune diseases. (See publications)

3. The study of prevention of eye injury and sport has always been an interest of mine through my association with amateur and professional sport. I feel that I have made a significant contribution to the prevention of eye injury at both levels of sport. I have been instrumental in making eye guards mandatory for junior squash players in Canada, and for all levels of squash and racquetball players in the USA. At a European meeting in Denmark I helped convince the European Squash Association to make eye guards mandatory for all junior squash players in Europe as of January 1, 1999. We are attempting to make eye guards mandatory for all players in World Squash Championships as of January 1st, 1999.

In 1995, I sponsored a proposal to the National Hockey League that eye guards be mandatory. This motion has been fully accepted by the league and players for new players only in 2013.

4. Helping to write international standards for eye protection in sport has led to an interest in visual standards in general including visual standards for military and paramilitary organizations (see publications) and in driving standards which are of current concern to me and to other members of the Public Health Committee of the Canadian Ophthalmological Society.

5. My work at the Princess Margaret in ocular oncology has produced clinical studies and publications relating to uveitis, lymphoma, cancer of the eyelids, and the use of radiotherapy after pterygium surgery. (See publications)

6. Since the 1980's my interest in preventing maculopathy associated with antimalarials has led me to clinical research in methods of early detection, as well as prognosis of the disease when antimalarials are discontinued. (See publications).

7. Dr. Wayne Evans of the University Health Network and I have examined prospectively patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy at Toronto General hospital. Some of these patients become myopic, occasionally permanently. (See publications)

8. John Kim, Carol Westfall, Daphne Gladman, Murray Urowitz and I examined the sensitivity and specificity of the multi-focal ERG in patients with SLE on antimalarials. This is the first objective test of maculopathy and is prospective.

9. Dr. Shelley Boyd and I, at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto, examined rheumatology patients on hydroxychloroquine with the multi-focal ERG.

10. The prospective study of objective tests in the detection of early anti-malarial toxicity in patients taking the drug more than 10 years is continuing with Netan Choudhry.

2. PRIZES AND GRANTS

a) PRIZES

1. 1st year resident Ophthalmology Alumni prize, Decontamination of Polymethylemthacrylate Ocular Prosthesis. With J.C. Hill. 1967

2. 3rd year resident Ophthalmology Alumni prize. Ocular Findings in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure. With C. Mortimer. 1969

3. R. Samuel McLaughlin Fellowship to study uveitis and external diseases. 1971

4. 1st Prize Exhibit. Radiotherapy of Ocular Tumours. American Society of Therapeutic Radiology. With P. Fitzpatrick, B. Gallie and G. Thompson. New Orleans, USA. 1979

5. 3rd Prize Exhibit on Prevention of Eye Injuries in Racquet Sports. American Academy of Ophthalmology, San Francisco. 1980

b) RESEARCH GRANTS

1. Experimental Candida Endophthalmitis. Toronto General Hospital Grant, 1976. $2000

2. Principal Investigator; Multi-centre, open-label study concerning ophthalmological assessments for retinal changes in patients treated with Plaquenil. Winthrop Laboratory Grant, 1988-1995. $80,000US/yr

3. Prednisone and Aspirin in Women with Autoantibodies and Unexplained Recurrent Foetal Loss. Principal Investigator C. Laskin. Medical Research Council of Canada administered by Ministry of Toronto Co-Investigator 1987- 1995. $130,000 Cd/year

4. Tests of Eye Protectors for Badminton, with Vinger P. Tom Pashby Research Foundation Grant: 1995. $2000

5. Eye Protects for Badminton, with Vinger P. Wellesley Hospital Research Foundation 1995. $2000

6. Phase II Study: The Use of Chloroquine in Malignant Melanoma. P. Cano. Principal Investigator. Northern Cancer Research Foundation. Co-investigator 1997 -1999. $110,000 Cd

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